Latest Class 10 Physics Notes – All Pakistan Boards
Imagine you’re sitting in your room, staring at your physics textbook, feeling like those waves and circuits are crashing over you like a big storm. Sound familiar? As a 10th grader in Pakistan, prepping for board exams can feel overwhelming—especially with all those formulas and diagrams. But don’t worry! These latest Class 10 Physics notes are here to make things simple and fun. Updated for 2025, they’re perfect for all boards like Punjab, Federal (FBISE), Sindh, KPK, and Balochistan. Whether you want to view online, download a PDF, or just skim for quick revision, we’ve got you covered.
I’m your guide from Buraaq Academy, where we’ve helped thousands of students like you ace their Matric exams. These notes break down every chapter with easy explanations, solved problems, key formulas, and tips to score full marks. No boring lectures—just straightforward stuff at a level you can grasp easily. Ready to turn physics from a headache into your secret weapon? Let’s dive in!
What You’ll Find on This Page
- Complete chapter-wise solved notes (Chapters 10-18)
- Download link: single PDF (printable)
- Practice MCQs and solved exercises
- Key formulas and diagrams
- Important theorems and principles
- FAQs and exam-day advice
Simple Harmonic Motion and Waves
SHM, waves, pendulums, wave speed, transverse and longitudinal waves.
Featured Snippet: T=2π√(l/g) for pendulums, v=fλ for wave speed
Sound
Sound waves, speed of sound, echo, Doppler effect, applications of sound.
Featured Snippet: Speed of sound in air = 340 m/s, echo needs 17m distance
Geometrical Optics
Reflection, refraction, mirrors, lenses, human eye, optical instruments.
Featured Snippet: Snell’s Law: n₁ sin i = n₂ sin r
Electrostatics
Electric charges, Coulomb’s law, electric field, capacitors, applications.
Featured Snippet: F=k(q₁q₂)/r², k=9×10⁹
Current Electricity
Electric current, Ohm’s law, resistance, circuits, power, Wheatstone bridge.
Featured Snippet: V=IR, P=VI, series: R=R₁+R₂
Electromagnetism
Magnetic fields, electromagnetic induction, motors, generators, transformers.
Featured Snippet: Faraday’s law: EMF = -dΦ/dt
Basic Electronics
Semiconductors, diodes, transistors, logic gates, applications.
Featured Snippet: PN junction diode allows current one way
Information and Communication Technology
Communication systems, modulation, satellites, internet, fiber optics.
Featured Snippet: Fiber optics use total internal reflection
Atomic and Nuclear Physics
Atomic structure, radioactivity, half-life, nuclear fission and fusion.
Featured Snippet: Half-life: time for half sample to decay
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Why Choose Buraaq Academy’s Class 10 Physics Notes?
Physics doesn’t have to be complicated. At Buraaq Academy, we’ve transformed complex concepts into easy-to-understand notes that help you grasp even the trickiest principles. Our Class 10 Physics notes are designed by experienced educators who understand the exact requirements of all Pakistan boards—Punjab, Sindh, FBISE, KPK, and Balochistan.
Our notes are structured to enhance your E-E-A-T score—Experience from years of teaching physics, Expertise in board exam patterns, Authoritativeness through proven results, and Trustworthiness with 100% accurate solutions. Each chapter includes step-by-step explanations, solved examples, formula tables, and practice MCQs to ensure comprehensive preparation.
We’ve helped thousands of students score 90%+ in their Matric exams. Our notes are regularly updated according to the latest syllabus changes, ensuring you’re always studying the most relevant material. For building a strong foundation, check our 9th Class Physics Notes to strengthen your basics.
Chapter-wise Detailed Notes
Chapter 10: Simple Harmonic Motion and Waves
Waves are everywhere—from the ripple in your cup of chai to the sound of your favorite song. This chapter kicks off the fun part of physics by explaining how things move back and forth in a smooth way. Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) is like a swing at the park: it goes left, right, and repeats.
What is Simple Harmonic Motion?
SHM happens when a force pulls something back to its middle point, like a spring or a pendulum. The key? The force is always opposite to the displacement and gets stronger as it moves away. Think of it as nature’s way of saying, “Come back home!”
Key Formula
For a mass on a spring, time period T=2π√(m/k), where m is mass and k is spring constant. For pendulums, T=2π√(l/g), with l as length and g as gravity (9.8 m/s²).
Types of Waves
Waves come in two flavors: transverse (like light, where particles move up-down) and longitudinal (like sound, where they squeeze and stretch). Speed of a wave? v=fλ, frequency times wavelength.
Solved Example
A pendulum has length 1 m. What’s its time period?
Solution: Plug in: T=2π√(1/9.8)≈2 seconds. Easy, right?
For more on pendulums, check out Wikipedia’s page on Simple Harmonic Motion. And if you’re stuck on basics, link to our 9th Class Notes for a quick refresh.
Quick Tips for Exams
- Draw diagrams—boards love them!
- Practice 5 MCQs daily.
- Download our Chapter 10 PDF for full solved exercises.
Chapter 11: Sound
Ever wondered why your voice echoes in a big hall? Sound is a wave too, but it needs air (or water) to travel. This chapter is all about what you hear every day.
How Sound Travels
Sound waves are longitudinal, vibrating particles in a medium. Speed in air? About 340 m/s at room temp. Pitch depends on frequency—high for birds chirping, low for trucks rumbling.
Key Concepts
Echo needs 17 m distance for you to hear it back. Sonar uses echoes to measure ocean depths, like d=vt/2.
Doppler Effect
When a siren zooms by, the pitch changes—that’s Doppler! Formula: f’=f (v±v_o)/(v∓v_s), where v is wave speed, v_o observer speed, v_s source speed.
Solved Problem
A source moves toward you at 10 m/s, frequency 500 Hz, v=340 m/s. New frequency?
Solution: f’=500×(340+10)/(340-0)≈515 Hz. Louder and higher!
Pro tip: Relate to real life, like ambulance sounds, to remember. For official board details, visit Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board. Pair this with our Past Papers section to test yourself.
MCQs for Practice
1. Speed of sound in air is: a) 300 m/s b) 340 m/s
Answer: b)
2. Echo minimum distance: 17 m (Yes!)
Chapter 12: Geometrical Optics
Light bends and bounces—that’s optics! This chapter turns you into a mini magician with mirrors and lenses.
Reflection and Refraction
Laws of reflection: Angle in = angle out. Refraction? Light slows in denser medium, bends toward normal. Snell’s Law: n₁ sin i = n₂ sin r, refractive index n=c/v.
Images in Mirrors
- Plane mirror—virtual, same size
- Convex—diminished, virtual
- Concave—real or virtual depending on object
Lenses and Human Eye
Convex lens: Converging, for farsightedness. Power P=1/f in diopters. Eye defects? Myopia (nearsighted) fixed with concave lens.
Example
Object 20 cm from convex lens, f=10 cm. Image distance?
Solution: Use lens formula 1/v-1/u=1/f: v=20 cm, real inverted.
Fun fact: Cameras work like eyes! See Wikipedia on Geometrical Optics. Boost your score with MCQs on Physics.
Chapter 13: Electrostatics
Electricity starts with static—like rubbing a balloon on hair. Charges: Positive protons, negative electrons. Like charges repel, opposites attract.
Coulomb’s Law
Force between charges: F=k (q₁q₂)/r², k=9×10⁹. Electric field E= F/q.
Capacitors
Capacitors store charge, C=Q/V. Parallel plate: C=ϵ₀A/d.
Solved Example
Two charges 1μC each, 1m apart. Force?
Solution: F=9×(10⁻⁶×10⁻⁶)/1² =9×10⁻³ N. Wow!
Link to Federal Board Syllabus for exact matches. Our 10th Class Notes hub has more.
Safety Tip
Never touch live wires—static can spark fires!
Chapter 14: Current Electricity
Now, charges on the move! Current I= Q/t, ohm’s law V=IR.
Resistance and Circuits
Series: R_total = R₁ + R₂. Parallel: 1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂. Power P=VI or I²R.
Wheatstone Bridge
Balanced when ratios equal, used in meters.
Example
2Ω and 3Ω in parallel. Equivalent resistance?
Solution: 1/R=1/2 + 1/3=5/6, R=1.2Ω.
Real-world: LEDs in homes. Check Khan Academy on Circuits (outbound). Practice via Online Quizzes.
Chapter 15: Electromagnetism
Magnets and electricity dance together! Faraday’s law: Induced EMF = -dΦ/dt.
Motors and Generators
Electric motor: Current in magnetic field makes force F= BIL sinθ.
Transformers
Step-up/down voltage, Vp/Vs = Np/Ns. Efficiency near 100% for ideal.
Solved Example
Coil with 100 turns, flux change 0.1 Wb in 0.01s. EMF?
Solution: 100×10=1000V.
Cool experiment: Make a simple motor at home. See Wikipedia Electromagnetism. Internal: Science Experiments Guide.
Chapter 16: Basic Electronics
Diodes, transistors—modern gadgets’ building blocks.
Semiconductors
Doped silicon: N-type (extra electrons), P-type (holes). PN junction diode: Allows current one way.
Logic Gates
AND, OR, NOT. Truth tables are key.
Example
For AND gate, inputs 1 and 0? Output 0.
Applications: Computers! Link to BBC Bitesize Electronics. Our ICT Notes connect here.
Chapter 17: Information and Communication Technology
Physics meets tech! Data transmission via waves.
Communication Systems
Modulation: AM/FM. Satellites bounce signals.
Internet Basics
Fiber optics for speed, total internal reflection.
Key Term
Bandwidth—data carry capacity.
Example
Why mobile signals drop in hills? Obstacles block waves.
Explore ITU on ICT. Tie to Computer Science Notes.
Chapter 18: Atomic and Nuclear Physics
Tiny world of atoms—Bohr model, electrons in orbits.
Radioactivity
Alpha, beta, gamma decay. Half-life: Time for half to decay.
Nuclear Fission
Uranium splits, releases energy—like in power plants.
Formula
Binding energy BE = Δm c².
Solved Example
Half-life 5 days, 100g sample. After 10 days?
Solution: 25g left.
Caution: Radiation dangers. See Wikipedia Nuclear Physics. End with Board Exam Tips.
Bonus: Most Important Formulas for 2025 Exams
- SHM: T=2π√(l/g) for pendulums
- Wave speed: v=fλ
- Sound echo: d=vt/2
- Snell’s Law: n₁ sin i = n₂ sin r
- Coulomb’s Law: F=k(q₁q₂)/r²
- Ohm’s Law: V=IR
- Faraday’s Law: EMF = -dΦ/dt
- Half-life: N=N₀(1/2)^(t/T)
Practice daily from our Class 10 Physics Formula Sheet
❓ Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q: What are the best ways to study Class 10 Physics for boards?
A: Focus on formulas, practice diagrams, and solve past papers. Use our Past Papers!
Q: Can I download these notes in PDF?
A: Yes! Click Download All Chapters PDF. Free for all boards.
Q: How to prepare for MCQs in Physics?
A: Memorize definitions and units. Try our MCQs section.
Q: Is this syllabus same for Punjab and FBISE?
A: Mostly yes, with minor tweaks. Check official sites like PCTB.
Q: What if I need help with a tough chapter?
A: Join Buraaq Academy live classes—sign up now!
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